What Causes Glaucoma?

Glaucoma develops when damage occurs to the optic nerve, most commonly due to increased pressure inside the eye. The main causes and risk factors include:

• Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP): Elevated eye pressure damages the optic nerve over time.

• Poor Drainage of Aqueous Humor: When the eye’s natural fluid does not drain properly, pressure builds up.

• Genetic Factors: A family history of glaucoma significantly increases risk.

• Age: Risk increases after the age of 40 and rises further with advancing age.

• Medical Conditions: Diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease can contribute.

• Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye can disrupt fluid drainage.

• Prolonged Use of Corticosteroids: Long-term steroid use may raise eye pressure.

• Thin Corneas: Thinner-than-normal corneas are linked to higher glaucoma risk.

Types of Glaucoma

• Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type; develops slowly with few early symptoms.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Sudden blockage of fluid drainage causing rapid pressure rise; a medical emergency.

• Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure.

• Congenital Glaucoma: A rare form present at birth due to abnormal eye development.

• Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by injury, inflammation, tumors, or medications.

Glaucoma vs. Cataract: Understanding the Difference
 

In simple terms: glaucoma damages the nerve that carries vision to the brain, while cataract clouds the lens that focuses light.